Safety attachment for street-cars



(No ModeL) 4 Sheets-Sheet 1.

A. E. HUGHES. SAFETY ATTACHMENT FOR STREET GARS. N0. 549 316. PatentedNov. 5, 1895.

iNVENTOR ATTORNEYS 4 AN DREW 5.6FIAMAM. PKD10-UTNQWASNINGWEMQ (NoModel.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

- a SAFETY ATTACHMENT FOR STREET CARS. No. 549,316. v y Patented Nov. 5,1895.

1 4 .5. l I (21 I j WITNESSES: 4f .INVENTOR t BY ATTORNEYS,

ANDREW BAGRMIAM, PHOTOLITHQWISH NFKON. DE.

I (No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

A A.E.-H-UGHES. I

SAFETY ATTACHMENT FOR STREET (IA-RS.

No. 549,316. Patented Rev. 5, 1895.

%M//% is BY ATTORNEYS. V

ANDEEW EGRANAM. PHUTO'UTIIU.WA5IIING'I'UN,D.C.

(No Model.) 7 4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

I .A. E. HUGHES., SAFETY ATTACHMENT OE STREET cA s.

No.549,s16i P nted Nov. '5, 1895.

I v ATTORNEY AH DREW BERAHAM. PhnTomuawAsm N GTONJ) C.

UNITED STATES- PATENT OFFICE.

ALBERT E. HUGHES, OF DARIEN, CONNECTICUT.

SAFETY ATTACHMENT FOR STREET-CARS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 549,316, dated November5, 1895.

Application filed February 21, 1895. Serial No. 539,196. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

'Be it known that I, ALBERT HUGHES, a citizen of the United States,residing at Darien, Fairfield county, State of Connecticut, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Automatic SafetyAttachments for Street-Cars, of which the following is such a full,clear, and exact description as will enable any one skilled in the artto which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had tothe accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification.

My invention relates to devices which are designed to be attached to theend of a cable or electric car for the purpose of preventing a personfrom being run down by the car or brought into contact with the wheelsthereof; and the invention consists in the various novel and peculiararrangements and combinations of the several parts of the apparatus, allas fully hereinafter described, and then pointed out in the claims.

I have illustrated types of my invention in the accompanying drawings,wherein Figure 1 is a side view of one end of an ordinary cable orself-propelled street-car having attached thereto my improved slidingscreen, with its trip device, and my improved wheel-guard, with its tripdevice, all of the parts being shown in normal position, a portion ofthe side bracket of the wheel-guard being broken away in order ,to showthe details of the same. Fig. 2 is a side view of the wheel-guard andits trip device, showing the several parts in the positions assumed bythem when the trip device has been swung backwardly by striking againsta prostrate person on the track and the guard has thereby been forceddown against the ground. Fig. 3 is a front view of the parts shown inFig. 1, but with the car proper omitted and the flexible shield removedfrom in front of the sliding screen. Fig. 4 is a horizontal sectionalview, the plane of the section being in dicated byline at 4, Fig. 3.Fig. 5 is a view of a Vertical section taken on a plane indicated byline 5 5, Fig. 3, with the several parts shown in normal positions andwith the flexible shield in place. Fig. 6 is a similar'view to thatshown in Fig. 5, but with the sliding screen projected, the dotted linebelow the s :reen indicating the position assumed by the sagging netwhen a person is precipitated into it. Fig. 7 is a view of a horizontalsection of the wheel-guard and its trip device, the plane of the sectionbeing indicated by line 7 7, Fig. 1. Fig. 8 is a side view of a modifiedform of the yielding broom-like wheel-guard, the dotted lines in saidview showing the position assumed automatically by the guard when itcomes in contact with a prostrate person and is pressed backwardly.Figs. 9 and 10 are side views of a modified form of the tripping andlocking device for the wheel-guard, the former view showing the partsset in normal positions, while the latter shows them in the positionswhich they assume when the trip device has actuated the guard and causedit to be forced down against the ground.

Referring to the said drawings, in which like numbers of referenceindicate like parts throughout, 2 designates an ordinary streetcarhaving end platform 3 and dashboard 4, and 5 indicates the level of thecar-tracks or surface of the road-bed over which the car runs.

In front of the dashboard is secured a suitable bracket-or bed-piece 6,upon which is mounted in slightly-inclined position a slide 7 ,havingits range of up-and-down movement determined by a slot 8, which movesover a stud 9, projecting from the inclined face of the piece 6. Thisslide 7 is provided upon its back with a guide-pin 10, working in aguideway 11, formed in the piece 6, and springs 12 12, which are securedbetween the slide and fixed points, serve to draw the slide down to itslowest limit of movement, the springs in the present instance being eachsecured between a pin 13 on the slide and a pin 14E on the fixed piece6. A pair of arms 15 15 are mounted at their inner ends upon a stud 9,so as to swing freely on a common center, and each arm is provided atthe same distance from its center of movement with a longitudinal slot16, in which travels a pin 17, projecting from the slide 7, (see Fig.3,) so that the downward movement of the slide will simultaneously drawdown the arms 15 15 with a sharp quick action in order to project orshoot forwardly the telescoping screen to which the free ends of thearms are respectively connected by links 18 18.

The telescoping screen comprises a section or frame 19, which, beingarranged uppermost, I will term the upper frame, and a section 20,sliding upon or within the upper frame in the same plane therewith andwhich I will term the lower frame. Both of these frames are similarlycurved about a horizontal axis running parallel with the dashboard, andthe radius of curvature is such as to permit of the screen being carriedwithin a small compass when drawn up into normal retracted position, butat the same time to bow sufficiently to give a good scoop-like action tothe screen when it is shot forward. In Figs. 9 and 10 the radius ofcurvature is greater than that of the other figures, and consequentlythe screen when folded up or telescoped will occupy less spacelengthwise the car than in the other constructions. The upper frame 19is mounted in the side pieces 21, extending from the dashboard, by meansof slots 22, formed in the side pieces,and studs 23, projecting from theside of the frame into said slots. In order to make the pins 23 movesmoothly in the curved slots, they may be provided withantifriction-rollers.

The lower frame 20 is about the same length as the upper frame and is ofthe same curvature, but is shown in the present construction of slightlyless width in order to slide within the same, the sliding connectionbetween the two being provided by means of a curved longitudinal slot2%, formed in the lower frame, one at each side thereof, and fixed pins25, projecting inwardly from the inner face of each side of the upperframe 19. These pins 25 are headed, so as to keep the frames securelytogether, and, like the pins 23, they may also be provided withantifrietion-rollers.

The upper frame 19 is given a positive motion through means of theswinging arms or levers 15, which have already been described and whichare indirectly connected therewith at the upper end of the frame, and asthese levers are comparatively of great length they project the screenforwardly with a very positive action when moved by the spring-actuatedslide 7. The lower frame is given an independent movement on the upperframe in order to accelerate the speed with which the telescoping screenmay be unfolded when shot forward, and I make particular claim to thisidea. There are many ways in which the lowerframe may be caused to haveits own movement upon the sliding upper frame by positive motion, thoughI have shown but one such way of accomplishing it, and that consists ina cord or flexible connection 26, arranged one at each side of theframes, with one end secured. to a stationary point 27, (located uponthe side piece 21,) passing thence around a pulley 28, shown, bypreference, as turning upon one of the pins of the upper frame, to afixed point or rod 29, located at the upper end of the lower frame.\Vhen now the upper frame is drawn downwardly, each pulley 28 draws uponits flexible connection 26, and thereby slides the lower frame upon theupper one with even greater speed than the upper frame is itself moved.

In the present construction only the lower section or frame 20 isprovided witha net, (indicated by the numeral 30,) since a flexibleshield 31, made, for instance, of a suitably thin sheet of rubber orother suitable and preferably waterproof material, is placed in front ofthe screen and extends down to a sufficiently low point to entirelycover the main part of the upper frame and in effect takes the place ofa not in the upper frame. If preferred, however, the upper frame mayalso be provided with a net. This flexible shield 31 is secured at itsupper end to the dashboard, and its side edges are fastened to the edgesof the side plates 21 21, so that in addition to acting as a fender orguard to prevent any one falling against the dashboard or the projectingmechanism of the screen it also serves as a housing for the mechanism. Ialso make special claim to this flexible shield in conjunction with thesliding screen.

The net 30, carried by the lower frame 20, is secured therein betweenthe end rods 29 and and is made sufficiently loose to sag a considerabledistance below the frame when a person falls therein, the positionassumed by the net under such condition being indicated by the dottedline in Fig. (3. The slack of the net 30 is taken up by a set of coiledsprings 33, which are directly secured to the net or incorporatedtherein in such a way as to keep the same taut when there is no weightupon it.

The telescoping screen is so mounted that it can descend only withinsuch distance of the ground as to permit the screen when projected toeasily clear a prostrate person, for in the present construction thesame is designed to strike a person when standing erect at or about theknee in order to precipitate him into the not. However, the telescopingscreen can be mounted so as to descend to the level of the tracks, ifpreferred. In practice I propose to provide the forward end of the lowerframe with a suitable cushion or spring device, so as to harm the personas little as possible when struck thereby. At each side of the screen isarranged a folding wing or net 34, which is connected at and 36 with theside plates 21 and the shooting screen, respectively. (See Figs. 1 and0.) The arrangement of the side nets is such that they each arestretched taut when the screen is projected in order to prevent a personwhen precipitated into the screen from. falling out side wise.

The telescoping screen is normally held in retracted position, as shownin Figs. 1 and 5, by means of a locking and a tripping device, which Iwill now describe. A horizontallyarranged bar 37, loosely mountedbetween the IIO side plates 21,Tso as to easily turn on its axis,carries near eachend a locking-arm 38, the outer end of which projectsdownwardly and forwardly and is provided with a projection or hook 39,adapted to engage the end of the side of the lower sliding frame 20 andretain the same in locked position when folded up. A spring bears uponeach of the lockingarms 38 and tends constantly to press it into lockingposition, so that upon folding up the screen they will snap into lockingposition; This same lockingand trip device also looks thespring-actuated slide 7 in elevated position by means of a blade 42,which engages the under side of the periphery of a roller 43, carried bythe slide. This construction of the roller with a blade engaging itsperiphery on a 'line parallel with the axis of the roller is employedfor the purpose of making the device very sensitive in its action. Uponeach of the locking-arms 38 is pivoted at 44 a member 45, formed with atransverse slot 46, through which projects a pin 47for limiting theswinging movement of the member on'the arm. These members project outbeyond the forward end of the arms 38 and are connected by a bar 48,which is normally carrieda sufficient distance in advance of the sameandof the sliding screen when inretracted position to strike or collidewith a person who may be in the way of the car. It will be noted thatthe center about which the members 45 move on the arms 38 isnon-coincident with that about which the arms themselves move. Thisconstruction is used in order to prevent the locking device from bindingand becoming inoperative when the trip strikes a person at a certainangle. By virtue of having the tripping device proper mountedindependently upon the locking mechanism and with its center of movementnon-coincident with that of' the latter the parts will not bind eventhough the trip device is struck by an object in a downward or upwarddirection or at right angles.

My improved wheel-guard is arranged beneath the level of the car-floor,and comprises, essentially, non-rigid or flexible members adapted to beforced into close but yielding contact with the ground, together withmeans for normally holding it out of contact with the ground, and thisguard may or may not be used in conjunction with the trip device. In theconstruction shown the guard consists in a broom -like device comprisinga head or bar 50, which is provided with thicklyset bunches of flexiblefingers or blades 51. The head or bar 50 is placed transversely the carin a horizontal position and is mounted to slide vertically on guides52, (see Fig. 7,) and from each end projects a pin 53, working in a slot54, formed in an arm 55, arranged at each end of the head-piece 50. Thearms are secured fast upon a loosely-mounted shaft 99, carried by sidebrackets 56, and each one is acted upon by a spring 57, normally tendingto draw the arm down, and thereby force the flexible fingers of theguard into close but yielding contact with the ground, as shown in Fig.2.

In order to prevent the flexible members of the guard from being forcedback past a certain point, I place back of them a rigid piece or plate58, which in the present construction is bolted to the car-floor anddepends therefrom in a forwardly-inclined position and also supports theguides 52 upon which the bar or head-piece 5O slides. This wheel-guardis normally held in elevated position and under spring-tension by meansof the sliding bars 59, one of which is mounted upon the inner side ofeach bracket 56 by means of slot 60, formed in the slides, and pins 61,projecting from the brackets. These bars are each provided at theirinner ends with a hook 62, which engages the pin 53, and

thereby locks the guard in elevated position when the bars are at theirouter limit of movement. WVhen these sliding bars 59 are moved inwardlytoward the wheels, their hooked ends release the pins 53, whereupon theguard is forced down against the ground. The operation of the slidingbars 59 so as to release the guard is automatically effected by means ofa trip device placed in advance of the guard, and which comprisesaframe63, depending across the car and swinging upon the horizontal axis 64,which has its ends mounted in vertical slots 65, formed in therespective brackets 56, so as to have a free vertical movement when theframe is pressed upwardly-as, for instance, when the body of a personshould be encountered with the lower end of frame 63 and the car shouldrock or teeter. If in such case the trip-frame 63 could not readilyyield or move upwardly, it would pound or crush the person. Thisframe'63 is preferably provided with a netting stretched across it, andat each side it carries an inwardly-projecting pin 66, which is adaptedto push against a projection 67 upon the outer end of each of thesliding bars 59, so that when this swinging frame meets with a prostrateperson it is swung inwardly and upwardly and serves to force in thesliding bars by means of the pins 66 bearing upon the projection 67 ofthe bars, and thereby release the wheel-guard to the action of itsspring. If the trip-frame 63 is forced upwardly upon encountering aperson, such upward movement will cause the sliding bars to moveinwardly and release the guard by virtue of the rod 64 of the swingingframe sliding over the inclined faces of the projecjections 98, locatedat the outer end of each bar 59. It will thus be seen that the tripdevice of the wheel-guard serves to operate the latter, whether suchdevice is struck upwardly, downwardly, or at right angles, as in case ofthe trip device of the telescoping screen.

It will be noted that when the wheel-guard is forced downwardly against.the ground it will be practically impossiblefor a person to pass underit or even for his clothes to be caught between the guard and theground, by reason of the peculiar action of the closelyset flexiblefingers or blades, which, being very long and resilient, will move alongin continuous and close contact with the ground when they are jammed orcrushed forcibly down against the ground.

One important advantage resulting from the use of the closely-setbunches of long flexible members is that when the guard is forced downthe flexible members are held in yielding contact with the ground andconform to the inequalities in the surface thereof, so that they willreadily adapt themselves to any formation of road-bed.

It is preferable to arrange the trip device for the guard such a(listance in advance thereof as to render it impossible for a personsarm or leg to get under the trip device and then under the guard beforethe former has been given sufiicient movement by the body of the personto cause the guard to close down.

In order to prevent a stone or similar obstacle on the track fromactuating the trip device of the guard, I provide mechanism which may beoperated by the motorman or gripman 011 the platform of the car wherebythe trip device may be raised in order to clear such obstacle or beallowed to swing backwardly without at the same time actuating theguard. The mechanism shown consists in a pull-cord 70, having ahand-ring 71, located at a convenient point on the dashboard, the otherend of the cord being connected with a projection 7 2 on the trip-frame63. By pulling upon the cord this trip-frame may be swung forwardly andupwardly a sufiicient distance to clear an ordinary obstacle whendesired, and it may be permanently held in such elevated position byhooking the ring 7 0 over a hook 7 3, located also upon the dash board.

In Fig. 8 the flexible guard is shown without the use of a trip device,and in this construction the broom-like guard 50 51 is, .together withthe back plate 58, swung on a horizontal shaft 80 and is provided withan upwardly-projecting arm 81, provided with pin 82, which moves throughan arc-shaped slot 83 for limiting the movement of the guard on the axis80. Suitable springs 84 serve to hold the guard in elevated position,but yield and allow it to be jammed down against the ground when theguard itself strikes against a person.

In Figs. 9 and 10 the wheel-guard 50 51 is pivoted or hinged to swing onan axis 86, so that by its own weight it tends to close down on theground, as shown in Fig. 10. A horizontal bar 87, pivoted intermediateits ends at SS, is arranged at each side of the guard, with which it isconnected by means of a pin 89, projecting laterally from the end of thepiece 50, and a slot 90, formed in the bar. Each bar 87 is provided witha spring 91, acting upon the inner end thereof, so as to draw itdownwardly. The normal position of each tilting bar 87 is shown in Fig.9, in which position it is maintained against the action of its springby means of the swinging frame 03, which keeps the tilting bars lockedon a deadcenter and until the frame is swung inwardly a certaindistance. The locking of the tilting arms on a dead-center is providedfor by means of a slot 92, formed in each of the tilting arms, throughwhich travels a pin 93, projecting from the frame (33. These parts areso adjusted that when the frame 63 is swung inwardly on its axis 64, soas to pass the deadcenter point, the springs 91, together with theweight of the guard, serve to force the latter downwardly against theground and hold it in close contact therewith, the several parts thenassuming the positions shown in Fig. 10. The guard and the tripping andlocking device after being thus actuated may be reset, so that the partsresume their normal positions, (shown in Fig. 9,) by pressing down thevertically-moving rod or treadle 94, which engages with its lower endthe outer end of the tilting bar 87 and depresses it, so as to allow theswinging trip-frame 63 to gravitate past the dead-center point and intoits normal position, and thereby automatically locking the guard inelevated position, ready to be again called into action. The severaldescribed parts may be reset in normal positions without the use of thepush-piece or treadle 94 by grasping the free end of the swingingtrip-frame 63 (see Fig. 10) and. drawin g it downwardly until it assumesthe vertical position shown in Fig. 10. In fact, by making thetrip-frame 63 sufficiently heavy it will act to reset itself by gravity.

In order to permit the trip-frame 63 to encounter a small obstacle, suchas a stone, and pass over the same without actuating the guard, I soconstruct it that it may be swung inwardly a considerable distancebefore passing the dead-center point, and consequently without actuatingthe guard. This I do by curving the outer end of the slot 92 of thetilting bar, so that the pin 93 of the trip-frame 63 may move throughthe curved portion of the slot before passing the dead-center, and thuspermit suflicient idle movement of the trip-frame to allow it to beknocked inwardly by a stone lying on the track, and thereby raise it, soas to clear the stone. The range of idle movement or lost motion of theswingin g frame (33 is shown by the full and dotted line positionsthereof in Fig. 9that is, the trip-frame 63 may be idly swung inwardlyto the dotted-line position without setting off the lockin g device ofthe guard, though a further inward movement causes the deadcenter to bepassed and the guard thrown into action, unless the treadle 94. isdepressed, so as to hold down the tilting arm 87.

The wheel-guards herein shown are of such constructions that they may beconveniently placed under the car a sufficient distance terial could besubstituted in order not to injure the body of the person during theteetering motion of the car.

When it is desired to lock the sliding screen, so as to prevent itsbeing operated by its trip device, this may be done by moving the bolt85, mounted on the dashboard, so as to bring it under the lower end ofthe slide '7, and

thereby prevent the springs acting on the slide from moving itdownwardly.

In the form of wheel-guard shown in Figs. 1 to 7 the parts may be resetin normal position, after having been thrown into operation, by passinga'hand-hook through opening 101 in the platform of the car and engagingtherewith an eye or staple 100 on the head-piece of the guard andlifting the same until the pins 53 come into position to be re-engagedby the hooked ends'of the sliding bars 59, which are at the same timedrawn forwardly.

The feature of the yielding wheel-guard comprising sets or bunches oflong flexible fingers or members adapted to be forced into contact withthe ground to obstruct the passage of a person thereunder is shown butnot claimed in my Patent No. 534,218, dated February 12, 1895, theclaims thereon having been reserved for this application.

My invention is not limited to the constructions herewith illustratedand described, as the principles upon which the different features workmay be embodied in other forms without making a material departure fromthe spirit of my invention.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secureby Letters Patent, is-

- 1. A wheel-guard for a car consisting essentially of long flexiblefingers or members arranged closely together and projecting from the cardownwardly toward the ground normally clearing the same and servingthemselves essentially as the guard, and means for forcibly jamming saidmembers endwise against the ground for preventing a person from passingunder them.

2. A wheel guard for a car comprising closely arranged sets of longflexible fingers or blades extending obliquely downward with theirlowerends normally clearing the ground so that the impact of the prostrateperson against them will cause them to move into close yielding contactwith the ground and receive the person and prevent him from passingthereunder, said members serving themselves essentially as the guard.

3. A wheel-guard for a car comprising nonrigid or flexible membersadapted to be forced endwise into close but yielding contact with theground thereby conforming to inequalities of the same, and servingthemselves essentially as the guard means for holding said membersnormally out of contact with the ground, and a trip-device extendingnormally in advance of said guard for actuating the same when saiddevice collides with a person.

4:. The combination of a wheel-guard carried normally out of contactwith the ground and adapted to be forced into close contact therewith, atrip-device extending normally in advance thereof for actuating the sameupon colliding with a person, and means for elevating the trip-device atwill and independently of the action of the guard whereby thetrip-device may be caused to clear an obstacle on the track.

5. A wheel-guard carried normally out of contact with the ground andadapted to be forced into close contact therewith, springs tending toforce the guard against the ground, sliding locking-mechanism fornormally holding the guard against the action of the springs, and aswinging vertically-movable trip-device for actuating saidlocking-mechanism.

6. The combination of a wheel-guard carried normally out of contact withthe ground and adapted to be forced into close contact therewith, and atrip-device swinging on a horizontal axis with its bearings or axlevertically-movable and extending normally in advance of the guard foractuating the same upon colliding with a person, said device beingconstructed to move out of the way after colliding with a person andactuating the guard.

7. The combination of a wheel-guard carried normally out of contact withthe ground but tending to move into contact therewith, slidinglocking-mechanism for normally holding said guard clear of the ground, atripdevice swinging on a horizontal axis with its bearings or axlevertically-movable and extending normally in advance of the guard andcontrolling the movement of said locking-m'e'chanism.

8. The combination of a rigid back-plate placed beneath a car in advanceof the wheels and a wheel-guard mounted thereon and consisting of abroom-like device having the head-piece thereof mounted in guides uponsaid back-plate, springs tending normally to move the same downwardly soas to force the fingers or flexible members of the broom into close butyielding contact with the ground and means for normally holding theguard against the action of the springs.

9. A wheel-guard comprising in combination a broom-like device extendingtransversely the car in front of the wheels thereof and adapted to bemoved downwardly so as to force the free ends of the fingers or membersof the broom into close but yielding contact with the ground, and anon-yielding back-plate for preventing the fingers or members of thebroom from being forced backwa'rdly beyond a prescribed limit.

10. The combination of a car and a telescoping screen comprising acurved screen section moving in the are of its curvature and anotherscreen section sliding upon the same.

11. The combination of a car, a curved telescoping screen mounted infront of the dash-board and sliding in the arc of its curvature, a netarranged in said screen with its upper and lower ends made fast thereinand left free at its sides so as to move independently thereof andhaving springs incorporated in the body of the net for holding itnormally taut but permitting it to sag under the weight of a person.

19. The combination of a car, a telescoping screen mounted in front ofthe dash-board and comprising an upper sliding-frame and a lower framesliding thereon and provided with a net, said upper frame being adaptedto slide downwardly and forwardly upon being released, and means forsliding said lower frame on the upper one simultaneously with thesliding of said upper one whereby the projection of the screen may beaccelerated.

13. The combination of a car, a telescoping screen mounted in front ofthe dash-board and comprising an upper sliding-frame and a lower framesliding thereon and provided with a net, said frame being adapted toslide downwardly and outwardly upon being released, connectionsintermediate said lower and upper frames whereby the lower one may beslid 011 the upper one while the latter itself is moving.

14. The combination of a car, a telescoping screen mounted in front ofthe dash-board and comprising an upper sliding-frame and a lower framesliding thereon and provided with a not, said upper frame being adaptedto slide downwardly and outwardly upon being released, a rope, chain orthe like made fast to a point near the upper end of the lower frame andto a suitable stationary point near the frame and passing about a fixedpoint on said upper frame for sliding the lower fr'ame upon the upperwhen the latter is moving forwardly.

15. The combination of a car, and a screen placed forwardly of thedashboard thereof for receiving a person thereon, said screen beingprovided with a loose net having spiral springs incorporated in the bodyof the net for holding it taut and permitting it to sag under the weightof a person.

16. The combination of a screen adapted to be projected forwardly, apivoted locking-device for holding the screen in retracted position, aframe pivoted to said locking-device having a limited range of movementthereon, said frame projected in advance of said locking-device and thescreen when the latter is retracted and acting as a trip-device.

17. The combination of a screen adapted to be projected forwardly, apivoted locking-device for holding the screen in retracted position andtending constantly to swing into locking position, a frame pivoted tosaid locking-device having a limited range of move ment thereon, saidframe being carried by said locking-device and projecting in advance ofthe same and the screen when the latter is retracted and acting as atrip-device.

18. The combination of a screen adapted to be projected forwardly, apivoted locking-device for holding the screen in retracted position, anda frame pivoted to said locking-device and having a different pivotalaxis from that of the locking-device, said frame being carried by saidlocking-device and having a limited range of movement thereon andprojecting normally in advance of said device and said screen when thelatter is retracted and acting as a trip-device.

19. The combination of a screen adapted to be projected forwardly, apivoted spring-actuated locking-device for holding the screen retractedand tending normally to swing into locking position, a frame pivoted tosaid locking-device below the pivotal line of the same and having alimited range of movement thereon and projecting normally in advancethereof and also in advance of the screen when the latter is retracted.

20. The combination. of a slidingscreen normally tending to shootforwardly, a roller mounted upon a moving part adapted to movesimultaneously with said screen, a pivoted locking-device provided witha blade for engaging the periphery of said roller to hold the screenretracted, a trip-device extending normally in advance of saidlocking-device and also of the screen when the latter is in retractedposition and controlling the movement of said locking-device.

21. The combination of a sliding screen normally tending to shootforwardly, a roller mounted upon a moving part adapted to movesimultaneously with said screen, a pivoted locking-device adapted toengage and lock said screen in retracted position and provided with ablade for engaging the periphery of said roller, and a trip-devicecontrolling the movement of said locking-device projecting normally inadvance thereof and also in advance of said screen when the latter isretracted.

22. The combination of a slidingscreen adapted to be projectedforwardly, a springactuated slide connected therewith and provided witha roller, a locking-device provided with a blade for engaging theperiphery of said roller to hold the screen retracted, and a trip-devicecontrolling the movement of the locking-device extending normally inadvance thereof and in advance of said screen when retracted.

The combination of a sliding screen comprising telescoping sections withconnections intermediate said sections and a fixed adjacent point formoving one section on the other as the latter is itself moved, a pair ofarms each pivoted at one end to a fixed point so that their free endshave a wide range of movement and said free ends connected with saidscreen for moving it and means for simultaneously moving the arms ontheir centers to project the screen.

24. The combination of the dash-board of a car, of a curved screenmounted in front thereof and adapted to be slid downwardly and forwardlyin the arc of its curvature, and a shield consisting of a sheet ofrubber placed forwardly of said screen and covering the same when inretracted position but forming substantially a continuation thereof whenthe screen is projected.

25. A car-fender having a telescoping screen comprising a sliding screensection with another screen section sliding upon it.

26. A telescoping screen comprising a sliding section having anothersliding section mounted upon it, means for projecting said screenforwardly when released, a lockingdevice engaging said means andnormally holding it so as to keep the screen retracted and also engagingthe outermost section of the screen to hold it retracted, and atrip-device for actuating said locking-device.

27. The combination of a car, a verticallymovable swinging-guard adaptedto be forced into close but yielding contact with the ground andconsisting of a broom-like device comprising a horizontal shaft orheadhaving long flexible fingers or members depending obliquely therefromand serving themselves essentially as the guard, a rigid piece or framearranged back of said flexible fingers or members for limiting therearward movement thereof, springs for forcing said fingers or membersin contact with the ground and means for normally holding the same outof contact with the ground.

28. The combination of a car, a verticallymovable swinging-guard adaptedto be forced into close but yielding contact with the ground andconsisting of a broom-like device comprising ahorizontal shaft or headhaving long flexible fingers or members depending obliquely therefromand serving themselves essentially as the guard, a rigid piece or framearranged back of said fiexible fingers or 1nembers for limiting therearward movement thereof, springs for forcing said fingers or membersin contact with the ground and means for normally holding the same outof contact with the ground, a trip-device extending normally in advanceof said guard for actuating the same on colliding with a person, meansfor elevating the trip-device at will and independently of the action ofthe guard, whereby the trip-device maybe caused to clear a smallobstacle on the track.

29. The combination of a sliding-screen, a pivoted locking-device 38,for holding the screen in retracted position, a frame 45 pivoted to saidlocking-device having a limited range of movement thereon and projectingin advance of the screen when the latter is re tracted and acting as atrip-device.

30. The combination of a screen adapted to be projected forwardly, aslide connected with and controlling the movements of said screen andprovided with a roller 43, a pivoted locking-device 38 provided with amember or projection for engaging the periphery of said roller 43 tohold the slide in normal position, and a trip-device 4:5 pivoted to saidlocking-device and having a limited range of movement thereon andprojecting in advance of the screen.

31. A wheel-guard carried normally out of contact with the ground andadapted to be forced in close contact therewith, means for holding theguard in normal position, and a trip-device 63 swinging on a horizontalaxis with its bearings or axle vertically-movable and adapted to engageand actuate said looking means.

32. A wheel-guard carried normally out of contact with the ground andadapted to be forced into close contact therewith, slides 59, 59, fornormally engaging said guard and holding it out of contact with theground, and a trip-device 63 swinging on a horizontal axis with itsbearings or axle vertically-movable for engaging and actuating saidslide.

A wheel-guard comprising a member 50 provided with non-rotating longflexible fingers or blades 51, projecting obliquely toward the ground,springs for drawing the guard downwardly in close contact with theground when released, locking-mechanism for holding the guard againstthe action of the springs and a trip-device for actuating saidlocking-mechanism.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand, this 11th day ofFebruary, 1895, in the presence of the two subscribing witnesses.

ALBERT E. HUGHES. WVitnesses:

F. V. CANTRELL, "W. F. REED.

